Nios Solved Home Science (216) Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25
1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.
Q.
(a) You are organising a family picnic. Using the four steps of management list
the actions you will take.
Ans. To organize a
family picnic using the four steps of management, I would first plan by
choosing the date, location, budget, and activities, while setting a timeline
for tasks. Next, I'd organize by assigning responsibilities, booking the
venue, and coordinating with family members on who brings what. For leading,
I’d motivate everyone to participate, keep communication clear, and resolve any
issues that arise. Lastly, in the controlling stage, I’d monitor
progress, make adjustments as needed, and evaluate the event afterward by
gathering feedback to improve future picnics. This ensures a smooth and
enjoyable event for all.
2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q. (a) Your family member has suffered a burn injury
while cooking. Describe the immediate steps you would take to provide first aid
and prevent further complications.
Ans. If a family member suffers a
burn while cooking, follow these steps for immediate first aid:
- Remove the victim from the fire to prevent further injury.
- Place the burnt area under cool running water (avoid ice, as it may cause blisters) for at least
10 minutes.
- Pat the area dry
and apply an antibiotic cream, such as silver sulphadiazine.
- Cover the burn with a clean gauze and bandage to prevent infection.
- Offer water to drink to stay hydrated.
- For serious burns, rush to the hospital.
- As a home remedy, apply egg white or aloe
vera to ease pain and prevent blisters.
3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q.
(a) List activities
that can promote gross motor development in young children.
Ans. Here are
activities that can promote gross motor development in young children:
- Running and jumping: Encourages coordination and balance.
- Climbing: On playground equipment or stairs, strengthens
muscles.
- Dancing: Improves rhythm, balance, and body control.
- Throwing and catching: Develops hand-eye coordination.
- Riding a tricycle or bicycle: Enhances leg strength and coordination.
- Balancing on one foot: Improves stability.
- Skipping and hopping: Boosts coordination and leg strength.
- Crawling through tunnels: Encourages body awareness and agility.
- Playing ball games: Enhances coordination and motor skills.
- Swimming: Strengthens muscles and improves overall
coordination.
4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
Q. (a) You
believe in the saying ‘Health is Wealth’. Define “Health” and list 4 common
practices to maintain good health.
Ans. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity. It involves being fit, having a balanced
mind, and living in harmony with one’s environment.
Four common practices to maintain good health:
- Balanced diet:
Eat a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, proteins,
and whole grains.
- Regular exercise:
Engage in physical activity like walking, jogging, or yoga for at least 30
minutes daily.
- Adequate sleep:
Ensure 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night for recovery and mental
well-being.
- Stress management:
Practice mindfulness, meditation, or relaxation techniques to reduce
stress levels.
5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150
words.
Q.
(b) Create a flowchart explaining the process
of spinning using modern spinning machines. Also, explain each step to the
production team.
Ans. Flowchart: Modern Spinning Process Using Spinning Machines
- Blowroom ➡️
Carding ➡️ Combing ➡️ Drawing
➡️ Roving ➡️
Spinning ➡️ Winding
OR
1. Blowroom:
- Purpose: To clean and
open the raw cotton fibers by removing impurities like dirt, seeds, and
debris.
- Action: Cotton bales
are opened, and cotton is fed into the blowroom, where it's loosened and cleaned.
2. Carding:
- Purpose: To
disentangle and align cotton fibers into a thin web.
- Action: Fibers are
passed through carding machines, which straighten and separate them into
slivers (long, thin bundles of fibers).
3. Combing (Optional):
- Purpose: To further
refine the cotton by removing short fibers and ensuring smoother, finer
slivers.
- Action: Combing
machines remove shorter fibers, producing longer and more uniform fibers
for higher-quality yarn.
4. Drawing:
- Purpose: To combine
multiple slivers and reduce thickness while improving fiber alignment.
- Action: Several carded
or combed slivers are drawn together, blended, and stretched to form a
single, consistent sliver.
5. Roving:
- Purpose: To create a
fine, thin strand of fibers that are ready for spinning.
- Action: The drawn
sliver is twisted slightly to form a roving, which is then wound onto
bobbins.
6. Spinning:
- Purpose: To convert
roving into yarn by twisting and pulling it to the desired thickness.
- Action: Spinning
machines twist and elongate the roving to form the final yarn, which can
vary in thickness depending on the end-use.
7. Winding:
- Purpose: To prepare
the yarn for further processes like weaving or knitting.
- Action: The yarn is
wound onto cones or spools for storage or shipment, ensuring it's free of
knots and defects.
This modern
spinning process ensures efficient production of high-quality yarn. Each step
plays a critical role in achieving the desired fiber consistency, strength, and
texture.
6. Prepare any one project out of the following.
(b)
(i) How does age affect meal planning? Provide examples of how various age
groups need different nutrients.
(ii)
Create a one-day low-cost meal plan without compromising nutrition.
Ans.
Project
Work
(i)
How does age affect meal planning? Provide examples of how various age groups
need different nutrients.
Ans. Age plays a significant role in meal planning because nutritional needs
vary at different stages of life. Here’s how age affects meal planning, with
examples of nutrient requirements for different age groups:
1. Infants (0-6 months)
- Nutritional Needs:
Infants rely entirely on breast milk or formula for all nutrients.
- Example:
They need breast milk for immunity and growth, especially for protein, fats,
and calcium to support bone development.
2. Children (1-10 years)
- Nutritional Needs:
Children require energy-dense foods to support rapid growth and
development, along with vitamins and minerals.
- Example:
Small meals like dalia (porridge) and khichri provide
essential carbohydrates, proteins, and fiber for healthy growth.
3. Adolescents (11-18 years)
- Nutritional Needs:
Adolescents experience growth spurts and require more calories, proteins,
calcium, and iron.
- Example:
A diet rich in proteins (eggs, pulses), calcium (milk, leafy greens), and
iron (meat, spinach) is essential to support bone growth, muscle
development, and energy needs.
4. Adults (19-60 years)
- Nutritional Needs:
Adults need a balanced diet to maintain energy, muscle mass, and overall
health, though their caloric needs may vary based on activity level.
- Example:
Balanced meals with a focus on whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats,
and a variety of fruits and vegetables.
5. Elderly (60+ years)
- Nutritional Needs:
As people age, their metabolism slows, and they require fewer calories but
need more nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, fiber, and easily digestible
proteins.
- Example:
Soft foods like cooked vegetables, soups, and yogurt are easier to digest
and help maintain energy and bone health. Soft, fiber-rich foods are also
helpful to prevent digestive issues.
As people age, the type,
quantity, and quality of food must be adjusted to meet their
specific nutritional requirements for proper growth, maintenance, and overall
well-being.
(ii) Create a
one-day low-cost meal plan without compromising nutrition.
Ans. One-Day Low-Cost Meal Plan (Balanced and Nutritious)
Breakfast
- Oats porridge made
with water and a little milk (add a handful of groundnuts or sunflower
seeds for protein and healthy fats).
- 1 banana (rich in
potassium and energy).
- Boiled egg (affordable
source of protein).
Mid-Morning Snack
- Roasted chickpeas (chana) or murmura (puffed rice)
mixed with chopped onions and tomatoes (provides fiber and a small protein
boost).
Lunch
- Vegetable khichdi (made
with rice, lentils, and seasonal vegetables like carrots, spinach, and
peas) – a complete meal with protein, fiber, and vitamins.
- Curd (affordable
source of calcium and probiotics).
- 1 whole wheat roti for
additional fiber and carbohydrates.
Afternoon Snack
- Seasonal fruit like
guava or apple (rich in vitamins and affordable depending on the season).
- A handful of roasted groundnuts (adds healthy fats and protein).
Dinner
- Mixed dal (lentil soup): Made with a combination of split yellow gram (moong dal), red
lentils (masoor dal), or other affordable pulses for a protein-rich meal.
- Chapati or brown
rice for carbohydrates.
- Vegetable stir-fry
with seasonal veggies (such as cabbage, bottle gourd, or pumpkin) for
fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Before Bed
- Warm turmeric milk
(optional) or a handful of almonds/raisins
for a light, nutritious boost before sleeping.
Nutritional Breakdown:
- Carbohydrates:
Oats, rice, roti, murmura.
- Proteins:
Lentils, groundnuts, egg, curd, chickpeas.
- Vitamins & Minerals: Seasonal vegetables, fruits like guava and banana.
- Healthy fats:
Groundnuts, sunflower seeds, almonds.
This meal plan balances
cost with nutrition, focusing on affordable sources of protein, carbohydrates,
and vitamins to ensure proper health without straining the budget.
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