1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.
Q.
(b) Define the concept
of 'Gender Justice' and assess the effectiveness of any two laws aimed at
promoting gender justice.
Ans. Gender justice ensures equal rights and opportunities for all
genders, addressing systemic inequalities. Two significant laws promoting
gender justice are:
1.
The Protection of Women
from Domestic Violence Act, 2005: This law
provides legal protection against domestic abuse, raising awareness and
reporting rates, though challenges in implementation persist.
2.
The Sexual Harassment
of Women at Workplace Act, 2013: Aims to
create safe workplaces through Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs), but
issues in compliance hinder its full effectiveness.
2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q. (b) Do you believe that the Indian Constitution
serves as the cornerstone for progressive labour legislation? If yes, mention
the relevant specific provisions.
Ans. Yes, the Indian Constitution
serves as the cornerstone for progressive labour legislation. Key provisions
include:
- Article 14:
Guarantees equality before the law.
- Article 16:
Ensures equality of opportunity in public employment.
- Article 21:
Protects the right to life and personal liberty, which can be interpreted
to include the right to decent working conditions.
- Article 39:
Directs the state to secure the right to adequate means of livelihood and
equal pay for equal work.
These provisions
establish a framework for workers' rights and protections in India.
3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q.
(b) What do you
understand by the term ‘New Media’? Illustrate with relevant example of how new
age media can act as an agent for social change?
Ans. New Media refers to digital and internet-based platforms that facilitate interactive
communication, such as social media, blogs, podcasts, and streaming services.
Unlike traditional media, new media allows users to actively create, share, and
engage with content in real-time.
An example of new media
as an agent for social change is the use of social media platforms (e.g.,
Twitter, Instagram) to raise awareness about social justice movements, such as
#MeToo and Black Lives Matter. These platforms amplify voices, mobilize
communities, and push for policy changes, demonstrating the powerful impact of
new media.
4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
Q. (b) Interact with your grandparents (or any
elderly person) about quality of life in terms of physical, social and
environmental dimensions. Compare these dimensions with your current quality of
life.
Ans. Physical Dimension: My grandparents often
mention how physical activity was naturally integrated into their daily lives
through walking or manual labor. Today, I rely more on technology and modern
conveniences, leading to a more sedentary lifestyle.
Social
Dimension: Social interactions in their time were mostly
in-person, fostering strong community bonds. Currently, my social life is more
virtual, with connections maintained through social media and digital communication.
Environmental
Dimension: My grandparents enjoyed cleaner air and less
pollution. Today, urbanization has led to environmental challenges like
pollution, affecting overall quality of life.
5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150
words.
Q.
(a) Examine the position of women in India during the post-independence period,
considering their socio-economic, political, and cultural status. Also, Mention
about the affirmative actions taken by the government to empower and uplift the
status of women in the post independent society.
Ans. Position of Women in
Post-Independence India:
- Socio-economic:
Post-independence, women saw increased access to education, healthcare,
and employment. However, gender disparities persisted, especially in rural
areas.
- Political:
Women gained the right to vote and access to political participation, with
notable leaders like Indira Gandhi. But representation in governance
remained low.
- Cultural:
Women's roles slowly evolved from traditional homemaking to diverse
professional fields, though societal norms often limited their freedom.
Affirmative
Actions:
- Government initiatives like the Reservation for Women in Panchayats
(1992), Equal Remuneration Act (1976), and National
Commission for Women (1992) were pivotal in empowering women,
addressing issues like employment, political representation, and gender
equality.
6. Prepare any one project out of the following.
(b)
Develop a case study
focusing on an individual who, despite facing significant challenges,
championed the cause of female education. Examine the individual's background,
the obstacles encountered, and the strategies employed to promote gender
equality in education.
Ans.
Project Work
Project Title: Savitribai Phule – A Pioneer of Female
Education in India
Introduction
Savitribai Phule is widely recognized as one of the
earliest and most influential champions of female education in India. Despite
societal opposition, she dedicated her life to promoting education for girls
and marginalized communities, leaving a lasting legacy.
Background
Born in 1831 in a backward caste family in Maharashtra,
Savitribai Phule faced gender and caste discrimination from a young age. Her
marriage to social reformer Jyotirao Phule provided a platform for both to
challenge oppressive norms, especially concerning women's education.
Challenges
Savitribai’s journey was fraught with significant
challenges:
- Social Resistance:
Society heavily resisted her efforts, with community members hurling
verbal abuse and even cow dung at her as she traveled to teach.
- Gender Bias: The
prevailing patriarchal mindset viewed education as unnecessary for women,
further intensifying opposition to her work.
- Caste Prejudice: Being
from a marginalized caste, she and her husband were ridiculed for
advocating the education of lower-caste girls, often confronting threats
and exclusion from societal privileges.
Strategies Employed
Despite these obstacles, Savitribai employed a range of
strategies to promote female education:
- Establishment of Schools: Alongside her husband, she founded the first girls’ school in
Pune in 1848. Over time, they expanded their network of schools, focusing
on marginalized girls.
- Innovative Teaching Methods: Phule used new and interactive teaching methods to engage
young girls and make education more accessible.
- Community Outreach:
She tirelessly worked to convince parents and communities to send their
daughters to school, organizing discussions and raising awareness about
the importance of education for women.
- Women’s Rights Advocacy: Savitribai not only promoted education but also fought
against social evils like child marriage, sati, and the oppression of
widows. She actively encouraged widow remarriage and opened a home for
widows and destitute women.
Impact on Society
Savitribai Phule’s work had a transformative impact on
society, particularly in the field of education:
- Increased Female Literacy: Her schools played a pivotal role in raising the literacy
rate among women in Maharashtra, setting a precedent for future reforms.
- Social Reforms: Her
advocacy for women’s rights, especially education and widow remarriage,
challenged the social order and contributed to broader reforms in gender
equality.
- Legacy: Today,
Savitribai Phule is revered as a trailblazer in the field of education and
social reform. Numerous educational institutions, awards, and scholarships
are named in her honor.
Affirmative Actions by the Government
- The Indian government post-independence has taken several
affirmative actions to promote female education, inspired by pioneers like
Savitribai. Schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao,
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and various
scholarship programs for girls emphasize education as a tool for women’s
empowerment.
Conclusion
Savitribai Phule’s relentless pursuit of gender equality in
education has shaped modern India’s approach to female empowerment. Her
contribution is a testament to the power of education as a vehicle for social
change. Through her dedication, she not only uplifted the status of women but
also laid the foundation for future generations to thrive.
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