Free Nios Biology (314) Solved Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

Nios Class 10 Tutor Marked Assignment 2024-25 March/April 2025 & Ocotber/November 2025 Exam

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Biology

(314)

Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

 

Write your name, enrollment number, AI name and subject on the top of the first page of the answer sheet.

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) Imagine you are a scientist discovering a new organism. Which kingdom would you initially place it in, and why? How do you think understanding this classification system can help us learn more about the variety of life on Earth?

 

Ans. If I discovered a new organism, I would initially place it in the Eukarya kingdom due to its complex cells containing a nucleus. This kingdom encompasses diverse organisms like animals, plants, fungi, and protists, allowing for a broad range of characteristics. Understanding classification is vital as it provides insights into biodiversity, guiding conservation efforts and research. It reveals evolutionary relationships, enhances our understanding of organisms' biology, and highlights the interconnectedness of life on Earth. By categorizing new organisms, we deepen our knowledge of their ecological roles and significance, ultimately contributing to environmental health and sustainability.

 

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) State any two activities which will help in sustainable development. Name any two endangered animals of India.

 

Ans. Activities for Sustainable Development

1. Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests help combat climate change, enhance biodiversity, and improve air quality.
2. Waste Management and Recycling: Implementing effective waste management practices and promoting recycling reduce pollution, conserve resources, and minimize landfill waste.

Two Endangered Animals of India

1. Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris): Due to habitat loss and poaching, the Bengal tiger is critically endangered.
2. Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus): Habitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict have led to a decline in Asian elephant populations, making them endangered.

 

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) What are two ways in which mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar?

Ans. Mitochondria and chloroplasts share several similarities:

1.     Double Membrane Structure: Both organelles have a double membrane, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane, which compartmentalizes their functions and allows for the formation of distinct internal environments.

2.     Energy Production: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in energy conversion processes. Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, while chloroplasts produce ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis. Both processes involve electron transport chains and chemiosmosis.

These similarities highlight their roles in energy metabolism within eukaryotic cells.

 

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

Q. (b) What is the condition called when a child has difficulty passing stool, characterized by dry and hard feces due to inadequate fiber intake and irregular eating habits, as diagnosed by the doctor? explain it.

Ans.  The condition described is called constipation.

Explanation:

Constipation is a common digestive issue in children, characterized by difficulty passing stool and the presence of dry, hard feces. It often results from several factors:

1. Inadequate Fiber Intake: A diet low in fiber (found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes) can lead to harder stools, as fiber helps to soften and bulk up feces.
2. Irregular Eating Habits: Skipping meals or having erratic meal patterns can disrupt normal bowel movements, leading to infrequent stool passage.
3. Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids can contribute to stool hardening, as water is essential for maintaining stool consistency.

Symptoms:

Children with constipation may exhibit symptoms such as:

• Infrequent bowel movements (less than three times a week)
• Straining or pain during bowel movements
• Abdominal discomfort or bloating
• A feeling of incomplete evacuation after a bowel movement

Management:

Treatment often includes increasing fiber intake, ensuring adequate hydration, establishing regular meal and bathroom routines, and sometimes using mild laxatives as recommended by a healthcare provider.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

Q. (a) How can we improve the use of cellophane in hemodialysis to help patients, and why do we need to decide whether to use an artery or a vein to take out blood during the treatment, and how does it affect the patient?

Ans.

Improving the use of cellophane in hemodialysis and making informed decisions about blood access sites are crucial for enhancing patient care. Here's how we can approach these aspects:

Improving Cellophane Use in Hemodialysis

1. Enhancing Biocompatibility: Developing cellophane membranes that are more biocompatible can reduce inflammation and improve patient comfort during dialysis. This can be achieved by modifying the surface properties of the cellophane to minimize adverse reactions.
2. Optimizing Membrane Pore Size: By adjusting the pore size of the cellophane, we can improve solute removal efficiency and allow for better clearance of larger molecules, leading to more effective dialysis sessions.
3. Incorporating Antimicrobial Agents: Integrating antimicrobial agents into the cellophane material can help prevent infections associated with dialysis, thus improving patient outcomes and safety.

Deciding Between Artery or Vein for Blood Access

1. Blood Flow Rate: Arteries can provide higher blood flow rates compared to veins, which is essential for efficient dialysis. High flow rates reduce treatment time and enhance clearance of toxins from the blood.
2. Access Longevity: Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas, which connect an artery to a vein, are generally preferred for long-term use because they tend to last longer and have fewer complications than other access methods, such as central venous catheters.

Effects on Patients

• Comfort and Safety: Proper access site selection can minimize complications such as clotting, infection, and thrombosis, leading to safer treatment experiences.
• Treatment Efficacy: Choosing the right site ensures optimal blood flow during dialysis, improving the overall effectiveness of the treatment and enhancing the patient's quality of life.
• Psychological Impact: Consistent and effective treatment can positively affect a patient’s mental health, reducing anxiety and improving overall well-being.

By addressing these factors, healthcare providers can enhance the efficacy and safety of hemodialysis treatments for patients.

6.  Prepare any one project out of the following.

(b) Collect from internet/newspapers/magazines/media/help from others or any other source, the weather data for the March-April this year and the previous year. Make a comparative analysis of your collected data and record the changes in temperature and climate. Global warming is considered to be responsible for climate change. Record your observations and conclusions and explain causes and consequences of global warming. You may relate the collected data to the explanation. You may make a PowerPoint presentation or prepare a written account.

 

Ans.                             

Project

Weather Data Analysis for March-April 2023 vs. 2024

Data Collection

Data was collected from reputable sources such as weather websites, news articles, and climate reports for both March-April 2023 and March-April 2024. Here’s a comparative analysis of the temperature and climate changes observed.

Comparative Analysis

1.     Temperature Changes:

• March 2023: Average temperatures ranged from 12°C to 22°C, with some regions experiencing unseasonably warm days.
• April 2023: Average temperatures were higher than usual, averaging 15°C to 25°C.
• March 2024: Average temperatures increased, ranging from 14°C to 24°C, indicating a rise of about 2°C.
• April 2024: Temperatures rose further, averaging 18°C to 28°C, reflecting an increase of 3°C compared to the previous year.

2.     Climate Observations:

• Precipitation: March 2024 saw a decrease in rainfall compared to March 2023, leading to drier conditions.
• Extreme Weather Events: An increase in extreme weather occurrences, such as heatwaves, was noted in April 2024 compared to the previous year.
• Humidity Levels: Higher humidity levels were recorded in April 2024, contributing to discomfort and affecting health.

Observations and Conclusions

The data indicates a noticeable increase in average temperatures and a shift in precipitation patterns between March-April 2023 and 2024. The rise in temperatures aligns with the broader trend of climate change attributed to global warming.

Causes of Global Warming

1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Increased emissions of CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide from industrial activities, transportation, and agriculture trap heat in the atmosphere.
2. Deforestation: Trees absorb CO2; deforestation reduces this capacity, contributing to higher atmospheric CO2 levels.
3. Industrialization: The rapid expansion of industries without sustainable practices leads to greater emissions and resource depletion.

Consequences of Global Warming

1. Climate Change: Altered weather patterns, such as increased frequency of heatwaves, droughts, and floods.
2. Ecosystem Disruption: Loss of biodiversity as habitats change and species struggle to adapt to new conditions.
3. Health Risks: Increased incidence of heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues from poor air quality, and the spread of vector-borne diseases.
4. Economic Impact: Damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and increased costs for disaster management.

Relating Data to Global Warming

The observed increase in temperatures and the shift towards more extreme weather conditions from March-April 2023 to 2024 can be attributed to global warming. The significant temperature rise and changes in precipitation patterns reflect the broader implications of climate change, impacting natural ecosystems, human health, and economies.

Conclusion

The comparative analysis of weather data for March-April 2023 and 2024 illustrates the effects of global warming. Addressing the root causes—such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable practices—is crucial for mitigating the impacts of climate change and ensuring a stable climate for future generations.

 

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