Nios Solved Hindustani Music (242) Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

Nios Solved Hindustani Music (242) Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

Hindustani Music

(242)

Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) Why it is said that singing properly and following set rules is Music? Write any one importance of Natyashastra.

Ans. Singing properly and following set rules is considered music because music is a structured art form based on rhythms, scales, and harmonies. The rules help maintain the aesthetics of melody and rhythm, ensuring the creation of a harmonious and pleasing sound. Adhering to these principles allows a singer to convey emotions effectively and create a balanced and melodious composition.

One Importance of Natyashastra:

The Natyashastra, an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, is crucial because it provides detailed guidelines on classical music, dance, and drama. It established foundational rules for various Indian art forms, influencing their development and standardizing techniques.

 

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (b) Explain your viewpoint that the Nada is obtained from physical objects and reaches the ear through the medium of physical matter.

 

Ans. Nada (sound) is produced when physical objects vibrate, causing air molecules to oscillate. These oscillations create sound waves, which travel through a medium like air, water, or solids to reach the listener's ear. As the sound waves enter the auditory canal, they cause the eardrum to vibrate, which the brain then interprets as Nada or sound. This process shows how Nada is generated from physical objects and transmitted through matter. Although Nada is a spiritual and abstract concept in music, its creation, transmission, and perception are rooted in the physical world through the science of sound waves.

 

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (b) Give one reason why Sangeet Ratnakar is called ‘Saptadhyayi’.

 

Ans. Sangeet Ratnakar, written by Sharangdev, is called 'Saptadhyayi' because it is divided into seven chapters (Saptadhyayi), covering various aspects of music, including vocal music, instrumental music, and dance. Each chapter provides detailed knowledge about different elements of Indian classical music, making it one of the most comprehensive texts on the subject.

 

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

 

Q. (b) Explain the Bols of Teen tala along with Matra.

Ans.  Teen Tala (also known as Trital) is one of the most commonly used talas in Indian classical music. It consists of 16 beats (Matras) divided into 4 sections, each having 4 beats.

Here are the Bols (syllables) of Teen Tala:

1. Dha Dhin Dhin Dha (1st Vibhag - 4 Matras)
2. Dha Dhin Dhin Dha (2nd Vibhag - 4 Matras)
3. Dha Tin Tin Ta (3rd Vibhag - 4 Matras)
4. Ta Dhin Dhin Dha (4th Vibhag - 4 Matras)

The first beat, called "Sam," is the most important, while the 9th beat is the "Khali," where there is no stress.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

Q. (a) According to the Bhatkhande notation system mention any four characteristics of Khali and Tali.

Ans. In the Bhatkhande notation system, Khali and Tali play significant roles in representing rhythmic cycles (Talas). Here are four key characteristics of each:

Tali (Clap) Characteristics:

1. Strong beats: Tali marks emphasized or stressed beats in the rhythmic cycle.
2. Shown with a clap: While performing or keeping time, Tali is represented by clapping hands.
3. Sam and other tali points: The first beat (Sam) is always Tali, and other Tali beats are marked at specific intervals in a Tala.
4. Important for rhythm structure: Tali defines the rhythmic flow and structure of the Tala, indicating where stresses occur.

Khali (Wave) Characteristics:

1. Weak or unstressed beats: Khali represents beats that are lighter or unstressed in a rhythmic cycle.
2. Shown with a wave: Instead of clapping, Khali is shown by waving the hand to indicate a lighter section.
3. Indicates change in the mood: Khali creates a break or contrast in the rhythm, often signaling a shift in mood.
4. Important rhythmic division: Khali marks the point where the stress drops, providing balance and contrast in the rhythmic structure.

6.  Prepare any one project out of the following.

(b) Collect information on any three Talas of Hindustani Music. Write the Matra and Bols of those Talas in a table form.

 

Ans.                                                   

   Project Work

 

 

Introduction:

In Hindustani classical music, Talas are rhythmic cycles that are the foundation for keeping time in music compositions. Each Tala has a specific number of beats, called Matras, and is divided into segments, often indicated by claps (Tali) and waves (Khali). The sequence of beats is represented by syllables known as Bols.

 

In this project, I will present information about three prominent Talas in Hindustani music: Teen Tala, Jhap Tala, and Rupak Tala. A detailed table including their respective Matras and Bols will also be provided.

1. Teen Tala

• Matras (Beats): 16
• Divisions: 4 (4+4+4+4)
• Tali: 1st, 5th, 13th beat
• Khali: 9th beat

 

2. Jhap Tala

• Matras (Beats): 10
• Divisions: 4 (2+3+2+3)
• Tali: 1st, 3rd, 8th beat
• Khali: 6th beat

3. Rupak Tala

• Matras (Beats): 7
• Divisions: 3 (3+2+2)
• Tali: 4th beat
• Khali: 1st beat

Conclusion:

The Teen Tala, Jhap Tala, and Rupak Tala are three of the most commonly used Talas in Hindustani classical music. Each Tala has its unique rhythm and structure, which influences the overall flow of a musical composition. By understanding the Matras and Bols associated with each Tala, musicians can maintain precise timing and rhythmic patterns while performing. These Talas are fundamental to Indian music and are applied in various compositions, ranging from classical to semi-classical genres.

This project provided an insightful exploration of these essential rhythmic cycles, helping us understand the rich rhythmic tradition in Hindustani classical music.

 

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