Nios Solved Environmental Science (333) Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

Nios Solved Environmental Science (333) Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

Environmental Science

(333)

Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) What do you understand buffering capacity of the earth and why is it so much important for survival of any organism? 

Ans. The buffering capacity of the Earth refers to its ability to neutralize changes in pH, maintaining stable conditions in ecosystems like soil, water, and the atmosphere. This stability is vital for organisms, as most life forms require specific pH ranges to survive. For example, oceans and soils buffer excess acids or bases, preventing harmful environmental fluctuations. It also regulates CO₂ levels, preventing excessive accumulation and mitigating climate change. Without this capacity, organisms would struggle to adapt to extreme environmental shifts, making the Earth less habitable for life.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) How can school curriculum play an important role towards environmental conservation and ethics?

 

Ans. The school curriculum can play a key role in environmental conservation and ethics by incorporating activities that actively engage students with nature. According to the paragraph, including hands-on experiences like growing plants, visiting national parks, and creating nature-related stories or plays helps children understand and appreciate the environment from a young age. Activities such as tree plantations, lawn weeding, and competitive environmental events foster a sense of responsibility toward nature. These activities help inculcate values of love for living beings, urge children to maintain their surroundings, and develop a "land ethic", making them responsible stewards of the environment as future citizens.

 

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

Q. (a) State any one natural disaster. Why should we train local people of a community to deal with emergency.

Ans. One natural disaster is an earthquake.

Training local people to deal with emergencies is crucial because they are the first responders in a disaster situation. Trained individuals can provide immediate assistance before external help arrives, saving lives and reducing damage. They can perform essential tasks like evacuations, first aid, and communication, ensuring that resources are efficiently used. Local knowledge of the area also helps them make quicker, informed decisions. Moreover, community preparedness fosters resilience, helping reduce panic and chaos, ultimately enhancing the overall response to natural disasters.

 

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

Q. (b) i. What is Kalpavriskh?What is its contribution towards society?

ii. Also mention the contribution of Dr Bindeshawar Pathak.

Ans.  (i) What is Kalpavriskh?What is its contribution towards society?

Kalpavriksh is a non-governmental organization (NGO) established in 1979. It focuses on environmental awareness, campaigns, litigation, research, and other areas related to environmental issues.

Contributions Towards Society:

1. Environmental Awareness: Kalpavriksh conducts educational programs and nature walks to raise awareness about environmental issues among the public.
2. Campaigns and Advocacy: The organization has been involved in various campaigns to protect natural habitats and wildlife. It has taken a stand on numerous environment-development issues, often confronting the state through protest letters, street demonstrations, and other measures.
3. Research and Documentation: Kalpavriksh has conducted detailed studies on the impacts of various development projects, such as the Narmada projects, and has investigated incidents like police firing in Bharatpur bird reserve.
4. Litigation: The NGO has been involved in legal actions to protect the environment and uphold environmental laws.
5. Support for Mass Movements: Kalpavriksh has participated in and supported mass movements challenging state policies that negatively impact the environment. It also supports progressive elements within the state that work towards environmental and developmental goals.

​

6. Social Equity and Sustainability: The organization believes in meaningful development that guarantees ecological sustainability and social equity. It promotes a sense of respect for nature and fellow humans. Kalpavriksh's efforts have significantly contributed to environmental conservation, sustainable development, and social justice in India.

ii. Also mention the contribution of Dr Bindeshawar Pathak.

Ans. Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak is the founder of Sulabh International, a social service organization established in 1970.

​ His contributions include:

1. Sanitation and Hygiene: Dr. Pathak played a pivotal role in promoting sanitation and preventing open defecation in India. He introduced the concept of Sulabh Shauchalaya, a scavenging-free two-pit pour-flush toilet, which has significantly improved hygiene and sanitation practices.
2. Human Rights and Social Reforms: He has worked extensively to change societal attitudes towards manual scavengers, helping to liberate and rehabilitate them. His efforts have led to the social elevation and vocational training of these individuals, ensuring their integration into mainstream society.
3. Environmental Initiatives: Dr. Pathak has been instrumental in developing environmentally friendly waste management systems, including biogas plants and wastewater treatment facilities. These innovations have contributed to sustainable environmental practices.
4. Public Awareness and Education: Through Sulabh International, Dr. Pathak has raised awareness about sanitation and hygiene, and has established educational programs to train individuals from marginalized communities, enabling them to compete in the job market.

Dr. Pathak's work has had a profound impact on improving public health, promoting social justice, and fostering sustainable development in India.

​

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

Q. (a) i. What is meant by hydrological cycle?  From where this cycle derive energy for continuing for years?

ii. Why do we consider ground water as a suitable source of water supply in India?

 

Ans. i. What is meant by the hydrological cycle? From where does this cycle derive energy for continuing for years?

The hydrological cycle, or water cycle, is the continuous process by which water circulates between the Earth's surface and atmosphere through processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. Water moves through various stages, including rivers, oceans, air, and underground reservoirs, before eventually returning to its source.

The cycle derives energy primarily from the sun, which powers the evaporation of water and drives atmospheric circulation, allowing the process to continue over long periods.

ii. Why do we consider groundwater as a suitable source of water supply in India?

Groundwater is considered a suitable water source in India because:

• Availability: It is widely available across different regions, even in areas with limited surface water sources.
• Quality: Groundwater is generally cleaner and safer as it is naturally filtered through soil layers.
• Reliability: Unlike rivers and lakes that are affected by seasonal fluctuations, groundwater is a more stable and reliable water source.
• Accessibility: It can be easily tapped through wells and boreholes, making it accessible for irrigation, drinking, and daily use, especially in rural areas.

6.  Prepare any one project out of the following.

(b) The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international climate summit, which is held annually unless the Parties (the countries involved) decide otherwise. This convention set out a framework for action aimed at stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to avoid “dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” At COPs, world leaders gather to work together on solutions to tackle climate change. There are now 198 Parties (197 countries plus the European Union) to the Convention, constituting near universal membership.   Till date 28 COPs meeting have already been organized. You can use book/internet/ newspaper/magazines/ consultation with your elders/ tutors from your AI Centre for writing report.

 

Write your report upto 500 words dealing with followings points about COP.

1. What is the main objective of COPs?

2. When and where the first meeting of COPs was held?

3. Write the brief summary of COP-28 meeting.

4. Mention the initiative is being taken by India at COP-28

 

Ans.                                                   

   Project Work

Report on the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

1. Main Objective of COPs

The Conference of the Parties (COP) is an annual meeting under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where global leaders come together to address the escalating issue of climate change. The primary objective of COPs is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) at a level that would prevent “dangerous anthropogenic interference” with the climate system. This means curbing global temperature rise to within safe limits by reducing GHG emissions. COPs aim to foster international cooperation to achieve global climate goals, establish binding agreements, and ensure nations are on track to fulfill their climate commitments under the Paris Agreement and other related frameworks.

2. When and Where the First Meeting of COPs Was Held

The first COP meeting, known as COP-1, was held in Berlin, Germany, in March 1995. This inaugural meeting laid the groundwork for future climate discussions and was crucial in shaping the structure of global climate action. COP-1 set the stage for the creation of specific climate agreements, like the Kyoto Protocol, which was established two years later at COP-3 in 1997.

3. Summary of COP-28 Meeting

COP-28 is scheduled to take place from November 30 to December 12, 2023, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). As part of the ongoing global efforts to combat climate change, COP-28 is expected to be a significant milestone for climate action, focusing on the Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement. This will be the first comprehensive assessment of the world’s progress towards limiting global warming to 1.5°C, as outlined in the Paris Agreement.

The Global Stocktake will evaluate national contributions, the effectiveness of climate policies, and the necessary adjustments countries need to make to meet their emission reduction targets. COP-28 is likely to highlight key areas such as renewable energy expansion, climate finance, adaptation strategies for vulnerable nations, and carbon market mechanisms. Another important aspect of COP-28 will be a renewed focus on climate justice and providing financial and technical support to developing countries that are disproportionately affected by climate change.

4. India’s Initiatives at COP-28

At COP-28, India is expected to continue showcasing its leadership in climate action through several key initiatives:

1. Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment): India has been advocating for individual and collective actions to combat climate change through sustainable lifestyles. This mission emphasizes the importance of small, eco-friendly behavioral changes at the individual level to reduce the carbon footprint.
2. Renewable Energy Expansion: India has committed to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030, aiming for a significant increase in solar and wind energy. The country has made substantial progress in scaling up renewable energy projects, and COP-28 will provide an opportunity to demonstrate these efforts on a global platform.
3. Climate Finance and Technology Transfer: India has been actively pushing for developed countries to fulfill their climate finance commitments, including the provision of $100 billion annually for developing nations to address climate impacts. India is expected to continue advocating for equitable access to climate finance and technological support for developing nations at COP-28.
4. Adaptation and Resilience: India has focused on adaptation strategies, especially for agriculture, water resources, and disaster management, to protect vulnerable communities. The government is also likely to emphasize the importance of building climate-resilient infrastructure.
5. International Solar Alliance (ISA): India co-founded the ISA to promote solar energy use globally, particularly in tropical countries. At COP-28, India will likely continue its leadership role in advancing global solar initiatives, aiming to enhance international cooperation in the solar energy sector.

Conclusion

The COP meetings play a pivotal role in global climate governance, providing a platform for countries to negotiate, set goals, and collaborate on climate action. The 28th COP in Dubai is expected to focus on the Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement, helping to shape the future course of global climate policy. India’s participation in COP-28 highlights its commitment to climate leadership through initiatives like renewable energy expansion, Mission LiFE, and advocacy for climate finance, underscoring the country’s proactive role in tackling the climate crisis.

 

 

Thanks for choosing PK Kapri & Co. (Your Education Partner). We are a group of professional willing to help students. We provide Nios Solved Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA), Nios Handwritten Hard Copy Solved Assignments, Nios Admission Support, Nios Practical Lab Manual Notes, Nios Guide Books, Nios Sample Papers & Nios Model Test Papers for Examination Purpose 10th & 12th.

Also we provide IGNOU Solved Assignments in Pdf as well as Hard Copy Handwritten Assignment & Help Books.

Please Visit Our Website for more services – www.pkkapri.com

Working Locations: All INDIA

Andhra Pradesh | Arunachal Pradesh | Assam | Bihar | Chhattisgarh | Goa | Gujarat | Haryana | Himachal Pradesh | Jharkhand | Karnataka | Kerala | Madhya Pradesh | Maharashtra | Manipur | Meghalaya | Mizoram | Nagaland | Odisha | Punjab | Rajasthan | Sikkim | Tamil Nadu | Telengana | Tripura | Uttarakhand | Uttar Pradesh | West Bengal | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Chandigarh | Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | Delhi | Jammu & Kashmir | Ladakh | Lakshadweep | Puducherry etc.

Also Some Other Countries – Kingdom of Bahrain | Kuwait | Nepal | Qatar | Saudi Arabia | Sultanate of Oman | U.A.E. etc.

 

You Can Find Us On –

                              

 www.pkkapri.com  (Here You Can Place Online Order for Physical Products Guide Books, Sample Papers etc. & Download Solved Assignments, Practical Notes, Model Practice Papers etc. For Shop Keeper, Institutes, Schools etc. Available Special Discount on website.)

info.pkkapri@gmail.com (writes us for any help or query.)

pkkapri (Follow us for check various offers or latest update)

PK Kapri and Co (Follow us for check various offers or latest update)

pkkapriandco (Follow us for check various offers or latest update)

PK Kapri & Co. (Here You Can Place Online Order for Physical Products Guide Books, Sample Papers etc. & Download Solved Assignments, Practical Notes, Model Practice Papers etc for your mobile. For Shop Keeper, Institutes, Schools etc. Available Special Discount on website.)

 +91-9643289714 (Call or WhatsApp for More Information).

 

Our Channel Partner VyaparGrow.Com (Increase Your Sales with Us) – Visit - https://www.vyapargrow.com/